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71.
The spread of alien plant species is a critical ecological event worldwide, but the forces that control this spread are not
well documented. Alien plant species are well known to disrupt ecological services of native ecosystems, change the composition
of native habitats, and often lead to the extirpation of native flora and fauna. Here, we report on life history patterns
of plant species with rapidly spreading and declining ranges in North America’s major urban region. We tested for differences
in life history traits between the 466 native and alien woody flora of the New York metropolitan area. We also examined the
relationship between life history traits and change in distribution in the New York metropolitan area between 1900 and 2000.
Native and alien species of the New York metropolitan area differ with respect to pollination vector and breeding system.
However, pollination vector and breeding system are not associated with success, defined here as increasing range spread in
the urban environment; instead, fruit type (dispersal), life form and origin are important determinants of success. Alien
species that are deciduous trees, shrubs or vines with fleshy fruit are the most successful in increasing their distribution
in this urban landscape. Newly introduced species with these characteristics are expected to have a better chance at establishing
in similar urban landscapes and should be targets for intensive management. The ability to predict which alien species will
become invasive is also a valuable tool for the prevention of invasions by newly introduced plant species. 相似文献
72.
73.
Polyporus phyllostachydis is described and illustrated as a new species. This species is characterized by its occurrence on bamboo roots, the small
and centrally stipitate basidiocarps, the white pileus, usually becoming darker from the center at maturity, and the cylindrical
stipe with a distinct crust. Morphological characters of the present species were compared with those of P. cryptopus and P. rhizophilus, other rhizophilic species of the genus. Polyporus cryptopus and P. rhizophilus are morphologically distinct by contextual texture, basidiospores, and hyphae, and possibly represent two distinct species.
Contribution no. 205, Laboratory of Plant Parasitic Mycology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University
of Tsukuba, Japan 相似文献
74.
应用因子分析法研究茎瘤芥(榨菜)性状间的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用因子分析法可把23份茎瘤芥品种资源的15个数量性状集约在5个主因子上,采用正交因子和斜交因子模型分析了性状间的遗传作用关系,并探讨了各因子间的关系及其生物学意义。 相似文献
75.
Michael L. Collyer Craig A. Stockwell Dean C. Adams M. Hildegard Reiser 《Ecological Research》2007,22(6):902-910
Contemporary evolution has been shown in a few studies to be an important component of colonization ability, but seldom have
researchers considered whether phenotypic plasticity facilitates directional evolution from the invasion event. In the current
study, we evaluated body shape divergence of the New Mexico State-threatened White Sands pupfish (Cyprinodon tularosa) that were introduced to brackish, lacustrine habitats at two different time in the recent past (approximately 30 years and
1 year previously) from the same source population (saline river environment). Pupfish body shape is correlated with environmental
salinity: fish from saline habitats are characterized by slender body shapes, whereas fish from fresher, yet brackish springs
are deep-bodied. In this study, lacustrine populations consisted of an approximately 30-year old population and several 1-year
old populations, all introduced from the same source. The body shape divergence of the 30-year old population was significant
and greater than any of the divergences of the 1-year old populations (which were for the most part not significant). Nonetheless,
all body shape changes exhibited body deepening in less saline environments. We conclude that phenotypic plasticity potentially
facilitates directional evolution of body deepening for introduced pupfish populations. 相似文献
76.
为探究外源褪黑素对不同温度下降香黄檀幼苗的生理生态影响,该研究开展了不同浓度外源褪黑素(300、500、600、700、900、1 200μmol·L-1)对常温(白天28℃/夜晚25℃)和低温(白天8℃/夜晚5℃)下降香黄檀(Dalbergia odorifera)幼苗的生长发育、光合作用、叶片色素含量、叶片水分状况、膜系统等方面影响研究,并通过隶属函数分析综合评价筛选出具有促进降香黄檀幼苗生长发育和提高低温耐受性的最适外源褪黑素浓度。结果表明:(1)在常温下喷施各个浓度的褪黑素溶液,在生长发育(形态、茎高增长和株高增长),光合作用参数[净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)],光合色素[总叶绿素(Total Chl)、叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)和类胡萝卜素(Caro)]和可溶性蛋白含量上均有一定的提高。(2)低温胁迫处理下,喷施各个浓度的褪黑素溶液可在不同程度上缓解低温胁迫对植株形态、茎高增长、株高增长、P 相似文献
77.
《Fungal biology》2022,126(5):333-341
Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant. Its growth is slow, however many dark septate endophytic fungi (DSEs) are considered useful to plant growth and as biocontrol agents against plant pathogens. The goals of this study were to identify a new DSE and evaluate its plant-growth promotion characteristics. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, a DSE fungal strain TK815 isolated from Dashiwei Tiankengs in Leye county Guangxi Province, China, was classified as a novel genus in the order Cheatothyriales, namely Tiankengomelania gen. nov. typified with T. guangxiense sp. nov. Tiankengomelania guangxiense TK815 can significantly promote the growth of D. officinale in stem length (11.25%), seedling height (16.97%), root length (10.34%), and dry weight (41.05%). This study discovered, described, and illustrated a new DSE fungus, and evaluated its biological function in contributing to the growth and production of the Chinese medicinal plant D. officinale. 相似文献
78.
2017年10月,在贵州省福泉县发现了桃花水母(Craspedacusta)。观察其形态结构,福泉的桃花水母与索氏桃花水母(C. sowerbyi)高度相似。采用PCR和DNA测序技术扩增和测定了福泉采集桃花水母的核糖体小亚基rRNA基因(18SrRNA)、核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)及线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基基因(COI),并与GenBank上已有的桃花水母18S rRNA、ITS、COI基因序列进行了比对。分子鉴定结果显示,福泉的桃花水母18SrRNA、ITS、COI基因序列与索氏桃花水母相似度分别为100%、92%、99%,确定贵州省福泉市发现的桃花水母样品在种分类水平上为索氏桃花水母。并就桃花水母的某些形态学分类指标的标准、不同伞径之间的差值是否能作为桃花水母形态分类的一个新指标这些问题做了讨论。 相似文献
79.
弓形革囊星虫(Phascolosoma arcuatum)是近年兴起的水产养殖品种,目前已形成一定养殖规模,但是其生物学特性相关的研究只有零星报道。本文主要采用石蜡切片苏木精-伊红(H.E)染色和扫描电镜方法对弓形革囊星虫的整体形态和各主要器官的结构进行研究。结果表明,弓形革囊星虫主要由吻部和躯干部构成,躯干部有乳突分布;吻部由触手和项器构成,伸长可达躯干部的两倍,具有感光性。其消化系统由口、食道、肠、肛门四个部分构成,不同部分的肌肉组织存在明显差异;收吻肌一端与吻相连,另一端分成4支,分别连于背部两侧(背收吻肌)和腹部两侧(腹收吻肌);食道贴于收吻肌,后连接肠。肠分为肠下回环与肠上回环,肠上回环与肠下回环缠绕盘旋,肠上回环后接直肠。直肠具有盲囊,后连接肛门;两条肾管分布在腹侧。 相似文献
80.